MTU 2012 Biology Syllabus
Paper – 3 (Biology)
Zoology
Origin of Life: Oparin's theory, Miller's Experiment, Viruses - structure, properties, distribution, classification and pathogenesis (Eg. AIDS, CANCER), Viroids & Prions, Biotic balance.
Organic Evolution: Relationship among organisms and Evidences of organic Evolution - Principles of Evolution - Lamarkism, Darwinism and Speciation.
Mechanism of Organic Evolution: Variations - Definition, causes and types, Mutations (Principles of Hugo de'veries), Role of mutations in speciation. Evolution through ages and human evolution.
Human Genetics and Eugenics: Human hereditary traits, study of Twins, A.B.O. blood groups and their inheritance, Rh-factor, Sex determination. Chromosomal aberrations, Important human syndromes, Sex linked characters and their inheritance, Applied Genetics - eugenics, euthenics, euphenics & I.Q. Test.
Applied Biology: Wild life of India - Endangered species: Biosphere Reserves, National Parks and sanctuaries, Project Tiger, Conservation of wild life, Bio-energy, Poultry, Fisheries (edible fishes), Human Population, Population explosion, problems & control. Test - Tube babies, & Amniocentasis, Application of Biotechnology in human welfare. Human Aging.
Mammalian Anatomy (Eg. Rabbit): Reproductive system (excluding embryonic development) Osteology, structure and organization of different systems.
Animal Physiology:
(A) Animal Nutrition: Food, Balanced diet, Nutritional imbalances and deficiency diseases, Digestion, Absorption, Assimilation of food, (comparison between human and Rabbit).
(B) Animal Excretion and Osmoregulation: Chemical nature of excretory products in various animals, Physiology of excretion, Function of liver and kidney (Homeostatic regulatory functions of kidneys), Formation of urine, Osmoregulation by kidneys.
(C) Respiratory system: Exchange and transport of gases (O2 and Co2) factors affecting O2 and Co2 transport, Cellular respiration, different lung volumes, breathing and sound production.
(D) Nervous systems: Central, autonomic and peripheral nervous system, Receptors, Effectors, Reflexaction. Nature and conduction of Nerve- impulses, Synapse, Sense organs - Structure & working of Eye & Ear, Biochemistry of vision and taste buds.
(E) Endocrine System: Different endocrine glands and Hormones - definition, types, characteristics and their functions, (in relation to human beings), Hormonal disorders and pheromones.
(F) Circulatory System: Circulation of body fluids- Blood and lymph, Open and closed vascular systems, Structure and working physiology of Heart, Comparison between arteries and veins, Lymphatic system.
(G) Animal Diversity: Classification of Animal kingdom (Based on Storar & Eusinger), Chracteristic feature of different phyla and classes with examples.
Detailed studies of followings:
(a) Protozoa
(i) Amoeba- Habit & Habitat, structure, locomotion, reproduction, Osmoregulation, Parastic amoebae - Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba gengivalis, structure, diseases caused by them and their control measures.
(ii) Plasmodium vivax-life-cycle, malaria therapy and control.
(iii) Protozoan and diseases.
(b) Porifera: A simple sponge ( Leucosolenia); Detailed study of structure & physiology, Sponge industry.
(c) Coelenterata: Hydra - Habit and Habitat, morphology, tissue differentiation in relation to physiological division of labour and regeneration.
(d) Aschelminthes: Ascaris- morphology, life-cycle, therapy and control.
(e) Annelida: Pheretima posthuma - Bionomics and economic importance.
(f) Arthropoda: (Periplanata): Structure- external and internal.
Comparison between Periplanata and Blatta.
(i) Housefly & Mosquito: structure and life – cycle
(ii) Economic importance of insets & their control.
Botany:
Plant Cell: Structure & functions electron microscopic structured mitochondria, Plastids centrosomes. Lysosomes, microsomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Nucleus, Golgibodes, D.N.A & R.N.A. cytoplasm, membranes and cell wall.
Protoplasm: structure, components physical and chemical properties. Cell divison (formation) - free cell formation, Amitosis & Meosis, Duplication of D.N.A.
Ecology: Ecological factors (atmospheric, edaphic, climatic, geological & biotic factors).
Ecosystem: Structure, components of ecosystem eg. Water soluble minerals and gases, producers consumers, decomposers, Pond and forest ecosystem. Atmospheric pollution-causes and control, Types of pollution - Detergents, chemicals automobile exhaust, Radioactive matter, Smog, sound, Pesticides.
Genetics: Mendalism, Mendals experiment and law of inheritance. Modern Classification of plant kingdom- (according to ostwald & Tippo) (outline).
Seeds in angiospermic plants: description of development of angiospermic plants (life history of angiospermic plants).
Fruits: Dispersal of fruits and seeds
Cell differentiation Plant Tissue: Meristimatic classification of meritimatic & permanet tissue and functions and classification of tissue system.
Anatomy of Root, stem and leaf: difference between dicot and Monocot stem. Secondary growth of stem and root. Anatomy of hydrophytes, Xeophytes & Mesophytes.
Important Phylums:
Algae: Habitat, general characters & uses, description of ulothrix & spirogyra.
Bacteria: structure - types of nutrition, reproduction and economic importance.
Fungi: structure description of Rhizopus and yeast and their economic importance, Fermentation.
Broyophyta: structure and economic importance, description of funaria (Moss)
Pteridophyta: general structures of pteridophytes description of fern (Droypteris)
General study of gymnosperms and life history of cycas.
Classification of angiospermn,
Description of families - identification and economic importance
Cruciferae, Malvaceae, Leguminosae, compositeae, cucurbitaceae.
Soil:
Absorption of water through root hairs osmosis, Translocation and Root pressure Nitrogen cycle.
Special modes of nutrition in plants (Autotrophic, heterotrophic, Parasites, saprophytes, Symbionts insectivorous and their ecological relation.
Photosynthesis: Chloroplast, light, chlorophyll and Carbon dioxide, Mechanism of photosynthesis formation of A.T.P. and their functions and importance of photosynthesis.
Transpiration: factors and importance, Mechanism of opening and closing of stomata.
Respiration: aerobic, anaerobic respiration, mechanism of respiration (Glycolysis, Kreb's cycle, E.T.S.)
Growth & movement: definition of growth, Region
of growth & their measurements, types of movements in plants,
Growth harmone. |
